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Bird Studies
Of all census methods the mapping method is most accurate – enables for most precise estimation of breeding bird numbers and density. During each census on a study plot all observations suggesting breeding (singing individuals, pairs of birds, alarmed birds, conflicts between males, birds with nest material and found nests) are mapped. The accurate mapping is facilitated by grid points set on a study plot (50 x 50 m). While mapping standard symbols of bird names and activities are used. Most important point is the location of individuals of the same species that can be seen or heard simultaneously, e.g. two males singing at the same time. This prevents from counting of the same individual twice. After 9-10 counts (more or less evenly distributed over breeding season), records of each species are mapped on a separate map of a study plot to form aggregations (clusters). Each cluster represents a breeding pair. Clusters of only 1-2 records are not included during final estimation of bird numbers. This method enables for the estimation of density of the whole community as well as of a single species. The density is then calculated per10 ha.
The line transect method (5 censuses) relies on counting of all observed or heard birds within the belt of 100 m (50 m from each side of a transect line) in a woodland habitats (in open areas within the belt of 200 m). Records are plotted on a map. The data from a survey when maximum bird numbers were recorded are used to calculate a species number. This method can not be used to assess bird density.
The estimation of numbers and distribution of rare species relies on multiple, thorough and time-consuming searching through the whole study area. The knowledge of songs and calls, habitat requirements, and nest-sites is very helpful. Additionally, the birds will be sound-stimulated by playing songs and calls from a type-recorder. Observations will be plotted on a map (1:10 000).
